computer science
Computer science, the study of computers and computing, including their theoretical and algorithmic foundations, hardware and software, and their uses for processing information. The discipline of computer science includes the study of algorithms and data structures, computer and network design, modeling data and information processes, and artificial intelligence. Computer science draws some of its foundations from mathematics and engineering and therefore incorporates techniques from areas such as queening theory, probability and statistics, and electronic circuit design. Computer science also makes heavy use of hypothesis and experimentation during the conceptualization, design, measurement, and refinement of new algorithms, information structures, and computer architectures.
Computer science is considered as part of a family of five separate yet interrelated disciplines: computer engineering, computer science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering. This family has com to be known collectively as the discipline of computing. These five disciplines are interrelated in the sense that computing is their object of study.
Development of computer science
Computer science emerged as an independent discipline in the early 1960s, although the electronic digital computer that is the object of its study was invented some two decades earlier. The roots of computer science lie primarily in the related fields of mathematics, electrical engineering, physics, and management information systems.
Mathematics is the source of two key concepts in the development of the computer- the idea that all information can be represented as sequences of zeros and ones and the abstract notion of a stored program. In the binary number system, numbers are represented as program. Becoming the basic unit of date storage and transmission in a computer system.
Electrical engineering provides the basics of circuit design namely, the idea that electrical impulses input to a circuit can be complained using Boolean algebra to produce arbitrary outputs. The boolean algebra developed in the 19th century supplied a formalism for designing a circuit with binary input values of logic to yield any desired combination of zeros and ones as output. The invention of the of electronic.
The major sub fields of computer science include the traditional study of computer architecture, programming languages, and software development. However, they also include computational science the use of algorithmic techniques for modeling scientific data graphics and visualization, human-computer interaction, databases and information systems, networks, and the social and professional issues that are unique to the practice of computer inter science. As may be evident, some of these sub fields overlap in their activities with other these overlaps are the consequence of a tendency among computer interdisciplinary connection.
Computer science is an empirical discipline. Management information systems, originally called data processing systems, provided early ideas from which various computer science concepts such as sorting, searching, databases, information retrieval, and graphical user interfaces evolved. Large corporations housed computers that stored information that was central to the activities of running a business payroll, accounting, inventory management, production control, shipping, and receiving.
The academic, political, and funding aspects of computer science tend to depend on whether a department is formed with a mathematical emphasis or with an engineering emphasis. Computer science departments with a mathematics emphasis and with a numerical orientation consider alignment with computational science. Both types of departments tend to make efforts to bridge the field educationally if not across all research.
Computer science is an empirical discipline. We would have called it an experimental science, but like astronomy economics, and geology, some of its unique forms of observation and experience do not fit a narrow stereotype of the experimental method.
